FGD gypsum has been shown to improve crop growth by (1) adding Ca and sulfate-S to soils, (2) improving soil physical conditions and (3) improving soil chemical conditions. In 85 sites with gypsum on peanuts, there was a positive increase in income where gypsum was used on peanuts (Sumner, slide presentation). Measuring increased yields from FGD gypsum from improvements in soil structure and reduced Al toxicity in subsoils may not be immediate. In 2009, no yield increase in cotton was measured from the application of up to 8 tons FGD gypsum per acre after planting in both a replicated test and in an on-farm test. On the other hand, there has not been any negative effects from applying up to 8 tons of FGD gypsum per acre. Normal rates would be 1 to 5 tons per acre and a single application should be sufficient for several years.